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)

Mathematical modeling of the drone’s collision with a fan of a turbofan engine

 The article presents results of ballistic tests carried out by launching batteries of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) – a quadcopter – on plates simulating fan blades of a turbofan. A mathematical model of a battery represented by casing with an electrolyte is proposed and its validation is carried out. Based on the experimentally validated battery model, a mathematical model of a UAV weighing 1,28 kg is developed. A computational modeling of the UAV colliding with the fan rotor of a turbofan was performed, which revealed possible damage to fan blades, equivalent to damage sustained by colliding with a large bird weighing 2,75 kg.

 Keywords: turbofan engine, foreign objects ingestion, unmanned aerial vehicle, unmanned aircraft, quadcopter, fan blade, collision

Shorr B.F., Bortnikov A.D., Matsarenko V.S., Ivanov I.I.

Analysis of vibration-based diagnostic methods for health monitoring of key components in helicopter transmissions

 The paper is dedicated to vibration diagnostics systems of helicopter transmissions which are an essential element of flight safety and increased reliability of rotorcraft. It is possible to improve the efficiency of such systems by developing methods for signal analysis and processing, improving measuring equipment’s accuracy, and by developing dynamic models that allow to establish a physical relationship between a transmission part’s defect and a change of the system's dynamic response. The paper presents an overview of advanced methods for analyzing vibrations in frequency and time domains that occur during transmission operation. Approaches based on artificial neural networks are also described, which allow to predict the condition based on a set of diagnostic signs obtained by processing vibration signals. Results of a computational and experimental study dedicated to formation of a diagnostic sign of fatigue failure in gears teeth are presented.

 Keywords: helicopter, transmission, gearbox, gear, vibrations, diagnostics, vibration analysis, dynamic model, forecasting, artificial neural network

Kalinin D.V., Zemskov A.A., Kuts M.S.

Analysis of the ingress possibility of wear particles from the labyrinth seal’s abradable coating into the engine oil system

JSC “UEC-Aviadvigatel” discovered that the ingress of wear particles of the abradable coating used in the inter-shaft labyrinth seal may be the cause of the “chips in oil” signal appearing in the gas turbine engine. This defect leads to contamination of the oil system and possible ingress of wear particles into the bearings, reducing their life. A three-dimensional gas-dynamic calculation of the air flow in the inter-shaft cavity was performed to analyze this defect. Causes for the ingress of abradable coating’s wear particles into the oil system were determined based on the calculation results, and the action was recommended to remedy this defect.

Keywords: labyrinth seal, inter-shaft seal, abradable coating, oil system, particle motion simulation

Gaskarov A.V., Popova D.D., Samoylenko N.A.

On determining the dynamic modulus of elasticity of metal alloys

Comparative experimental and computational research have been carried out to identify the most reliable method of determining the dynamic modulus of elasticity of metal alloys: by the speed of propagation of ultrasonic waves in the material, by the frequency of resonant and decaying vibrations in a cantilevered specimen, and by the frequency of vibrations in a specimen suspended on threads after pulsed impact. Calculations have been carried out analytically using 3D finite element models of specimens by the inverse method of successive approximations, varying the values of the elastic modulus until calculated and experimental vibration frequencies coincide. It is demonstrated that the vibration excitation conditions, specimen fastening methods, and manufacturing tolerances have a significant effect on accuracy of the dynamic modulus of elasticity determining. At normal temperature, the determination error can reach ± 10%. The method of determining the dynamic modulus of elasticity using a vibration spectrum of a specimen suspended on threads turned out to be the most accurate one. A comparison of elastic modulus obtained by dynamic and static test methods has been performed due to the appearance of contradicting publications. It is confirmed that the dynamic modulus of elasticity at normal temperature is slightly higher than the static one for the studied alloys based on titanium (VT6L) and aluminum (D16).

Keywords: dynamic modulus of elasticity, static modulus of elasticity, method of testing, method of calculation, ultrasonic, resonance, impulse

Shorr B.F., Bortnikov A.D., Rudenok E.S., Vorobyov S.V.

Low-cycle fatigue behavior of single-crystal nickel-based superalloy dependence on crystallographic orientation

Low-cycle fatigue experimental investigation of ZhS32-VI single-crystal superalloy have been carried out. Low-cycle fatigue curves are obtained for three crystallographic orientations: [001], [011] and [111]. The components of elastic stiffness tensor have been determined using Young's Modules obtained for specific sample of specimens. The dependence between characteristics of low-cycle fatigue and elastic properties of the alloy has been analyzed. An approach is proposed that makes it possible to construct a low-cycle fatigue curve for arbitrary crystallographic orientation.

Keywords: low-cycle fatigue, anisotropy, single-crystal nickel-based superalloy

Selivanov A.N., Bredikhina E.N.

An estimate of energy costs involved in the hydrogen fuel production

Energy costs of the gaseous hydrogen production, its liquefaction and storage are estimated. This parameter is used to compare the conventional fuel used in aviation – aviation kerosene – to hydrogen.

Keywords: alternative energy, hydrogen, fuel, production, energy costs

Shlyakotin V.E.