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)

Trends in the development of aero engine building

The article discusses the directions of works on the creation of critical technologies for advanced engines of civil aircraft propulsion systems. It is shown that for the short and medium terms (2025…2035) the cycle parameters and the bypass ratio in the advanced engines will be significantly increased with the widespread application of composite materials in their design and the use of sustainable aviation fuel. Taking into account the significant progress in the development of electrical components (electric motors, generators, power distribution systems, etc.) for medium and long terms (2030…2040) the various concepts of civil aircraft with electrified propulsion systems are being considered, including those using high-temperature superconductivity. The article, along with foreign developments, reflects the results of the CIAM work in the relevant areas.

Keywords: gas turbine engine, turbofan engine, open rotor, open fan, combined cycle engine, propulsion system, hybrid propulsion system, electric propulsion system, civil aircraft, critical technologies, digital technologies, additive manufacturing, composite material, alternative fuel, hydrogen, emission, noise

Kozlov A.L., Palkin V.A. CIAM, Moscow

Approaches for noise certification of the new category aircraft “Emerging Technology Aircraft” (review)

The review discusses the expected issues associated with new vehicle category “Emerging Technology Aircraft” (urban air mobility, UAM etc.) entry into service. The appearance of such vehicles is an opportunity for aviation to improve transportation systems around the world. However there will be issues that need to be addressed including noise reduction. The problems of certification and noise prediction of a new aircraft category due to operating conditions and the design features and diversity are considered.

Keywords: emerging technology aircraft, urban air mobility, electric propulsion system, electric conventional takeoff and landing, electric vertical takeoff and landing, unmanned aircraft systems, noise prediction, certification

Baeva S.I., Pochkin Ia.S., Khaletskii Iu.D.

Numerical and experimental investigation of the tone noise of the turbofan’s first booster stage

The article presents results of numerical investigation of the tone noise of a turbofan engine’s first booster stage in the “Approach” mode. The investigation was performed using time domain approach based on multirate Runge–Kutta method. It is an integral part of the method for simulation of tone noise of turbomachines developed in CIAM. The data obtained are compared with the results of the previous calculation of the examined booster stage’s tone noise, which was carried out using frequency domain method, developed earlier in CIAM, and also with the experimental data obtained in CIAM test rig. In both cases the comparison was satisfactory. The results, presented in the paper, are independent from any assumptions about the interactions in the multistage turbomachine, which allows verifying the calculations performed in frequency domain.

Keywords: tone noise, booster stage, multirate Runge–Kutta method

Mileshin V.I., Pankov S.V., Rossikhin A.A.

Study of characteristics of a hybrid-electric turbofan engines for a regional aircraft

Advanced hybrid-electric turbojet engines with a medium bypass ratio are examined. Hybridization consists of additional spinning of the low-pressure rotor with an electric motor. Hybrid engines are considered in conjunction with the aircraft, which allows for a comprehensive assessment of the efficiency parameters of the aircraft – hybrid engine system. Influence of the degree of hybridization and the development level of batteries and electronics on the performance characteristics of the regional aircraft is estimated, including on optimum flight range and fuel consumption. The maximum fuel conservation per flight is 6% in the considered range of characteristics of electrical components. The effect of hybridization on the thermodynamic parameters of a bypass turbojet engine was also evaluated. Attainment of stall margin and modification of the low pressure compressor’s air bleeding system were the two primary issues found during the computational analysis. It was found that hybridization, in general, has a positive effect on thermodynamic parameters, most of which decrease, and as a result, improve engine life characteristics.

Keywords: hybrid-electric engine, hybridization, electric motor, turbojet, regional aircraft, fuel consumption, thermodynamic parameters

Shevelev A.O., Shumjagin N.N.

Low-cycle fatigue of bronze alloy circular notched specimens under soft loading

The article presents results of computational and experimental studies of elastic-plastic deformation and low-cycle fatigue of bronze alloy specimens. Material parameters were determined and the plasticity model based on a variant of the flow theory under combined hardening was verified using results of tensile-compression tests of plated specimens. The applied version of the theory is implemented in the software package based on the finite element method using a developed user subroutine. The V-shaped circular notched specimens were tested, and the experiments were mathematically modeled. The deformation of the material on the groove’s surface was measured while testing notched specimens via digital image correlation method. Calculated values of deformations and the predicted moment of fracture are compared with experimental results.

Keywords: low-cycle fatigue, plasticity theory, stress concentrator, finite element method, digital image correlation, damage accumulation

Abashev D.R., Bondar V.S.

On the safety margins of gas turbine engine parts under thermal cyclic loading

A review of the criteria for predicting the thermal cycle life of gas turbine blades and disks is presented. Particular attention is paid to the description of the four-term deformation criterion of thermal fatigue failure proposed by the authors. Examples of using the results of thermal fatigue tests for the calculation of the thermal cyclic safety margins of gas turbine blades made of polycrystalline and monocrystalline heat-resistant alloys are presented.

Keywords: thermal fatigue, gas turbine, turbine blade, turbine disc, ductility, creep, corrosion, damage

Getsov L.B., Semenov A.S.

Experimental study of L63 brass under complex loading by two-link polylines

Results of the experimental study of complex loading in the elastic-plastic region of L63 brass along two-link polylines of the “displaced fan” type are presented. Experimental studies were carried out on the automated experimental system for complex loading SN-EVM. Trajectories with bend angles of 45, 90, 135° and the length of the first link of 2% are presented. Vector and scalar properties of the L63 brass were investigated. Variants of approximation of deformation diagrams under simple and complex loads were proposed.

Keywords: plasticity, experiment, deformation trajectory, vector material properties, scalar material properties

Zubchaninov V.G., Gultyaev V.I., Alekseyev A.A., Dvuzhilov A.S.